A machine-learning approach to identify asthma subtypes based on molecular signatures elsevierconnect Transy Asthma MolecularSignature MachineLearning
By Suchandrima BhowmikJan 31 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A new study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology determines whether protein expression in nasal fluid samples could assist in the diagnosis of asthma subtypes.
The diagnosis of non-type 2 immune response asthma, for example, remains a challenge due to the lack of readily accessible and measurable biomarkers. As a result, there are no biologics or small-molecule treatments that are currently available for the treatment of non-T2 asthma. Thus, there remains an urgent need for non-invasive approaches that can identify molecular asthma phenotypes, which will ultimately improve the treatment outcomes of these patients.
Statistical testing, Shapley values, and unsupervised clustering were performed for the stratification of patients and biomarker identification. Finally, the nasal fluid proteomics-based ENDANA clusters validation was carried out using Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes transcriptomic data.
Omics eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a free copy Cluster 1 patients had fewer nasal polyps, significant airway obstruction, small airway disease, increased oxidative status levels, decreased diffusing capacity, and were more likely to be current smokers.
Cluster X2 patients had a different profile of clinical variables as compared to cluster X1 patients. Comparatively, patients in cluster X1 exhibited similar characteristics to those in ENDANA cluster 1, including fewer nasal polyps, reduced lung function, significant airway obstruction, small airway disease, increased airway resistance, and air trapping. A total of 32 pathways were differentially enriched between clusters X2 and X1.
Of these 41 proteins, 28 were similarly dysregulated in both the U-BIOPRED X1 and X2 clusters. This suggests that the molecular features in both the ENDANA and U-BIOPRED clusters were closely related.
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Exploring the relationship between breastfeeding and the incidence of infant illnesses in Ireland: evidence from a nationally representative prospective cohort study - BMC Public HealthBackground Ireland has one of the lowest BF rates in the world. This study investigates the association between breastfeeding and infant health in Ireland. Methods A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of data collected from Growing Up in Ireland (GUI): the National Longitudinal Study of Children was conducted. The average morbidity for 2212. infants exclusively breastfed for at least 90 days (EBF90days) was compared to data for 3987 infants in the non-breastfed (Non-BF) group. Data were weighted using entropy balancing to ensure the comparability of groups. Sensitivity analyses considered alternative definitions of the breastfeeding group. Results Infants who were EBF90days were significantly less likely to be admitted to hospital (CI: − 0.06 to − 0.03), spent less nights in hospital (CI: − 0.37 to − 0.11), and were less likely to develop respiratory diseases including asthma (CI: − 0.03 to − 0.01), chest infections (CI: − 0.12 to − 0.08), snuffles/common colds (CI: − 0.07 to − 0.02), ear infections (CI: − 0.08 to − 0.04), eczema (CI: − 0.08 to − 0.04), skin problems (CI: − 0.04 to − 0.00), wheezing or asthma (CI: − 0.06 to − 0.03), vomiting (CI: − 0.03 to − 0.00), and colic (CI: − 0.04 to − 0.01). Further outcomes such as current health of the infant at time of interview (CI: − 0.04 to − 0.00), feeding problems (CI: − 0.04 to − 0.02) and sleeping problems (CI: − 0.02 to − 0.00) indicated a protective effect of EBF90days versus Non-BF. However, these infants were also more likely to fail to gain weight (CI: 0.01 to 0.02) and were at a slightly higher risk of developing nappy rash (CI: 0.00 to 0.02). Conclusion Exclusive breastfeeding for 90+ days is associated with protection against childhood morbidity. Given the protective effect of breastfeeding on adverse health effects in infants, policy makers should prioritise policies that support, promote and protect exclusive breastfeeding.
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