A novel pan-sarbecovirus vaccine candidate neutralizes Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB subvariants Coronavirus Disease COVID Omicron Vaccine SARSCoV2 BQ11 XBB PNASNews
By Neha MathurMar 16 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent article published in the journal PNAS, researchers in China provide evidence that a novel vaccine candidate known as CF501/RBD-Fc robustly neutralized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB in a rhesus macaque animal model.
Background Due to their exceptional immune-evasion properties, Omicron subvariants pose a significant challenge to current coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. For example, the BA.5 subvariant is resistant to neutralization, even after four doses of a messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine. Moreover, the newly emerged XBB Omicron subvariant remains unneutralized by nAbs induced by a booster dose of the bivalent vaccine containing the mRNA sequences of the Omicron BA.5 and ancestral spike proteins.
The researchers also tested whether sera from immunized rhesus macaques could neutralize pseudotyped Omicron subvariants. Each test animal's parameters were correlated by pairwise comparisons to assess the association between nAb and binding antibodies specific to Omicron subvariants XBB and BQ.1.1. The 50% neutralizing titers of bnAbs in sera from CF501/RBD-Fc macaques were much higher than those in the Alum/RBD-Fc group against all pseudotyped viruses, with NT50 values of 436 and 313 against BQ.1.1 and XBB at day 28, respectively. Cross-neutralizing bnAb titers in the CF501/RBD-Fc group continued to increase after the third vaccination, with day 122 NT50 values of 2,118 and 2,526 against BQ.1.1 and XBB after receipt of the first vaccine dose, respectively.
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