While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can provide lifesaving treatment for patients with cancer, they have also been found to cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) -; side effects that can impact almost every organ in the body to varying degrees.
Mass General BrighamSep 3 2024 While immune checkpoint inhibitors can provide lifesaving treatment for patients with cancer, they have also been found to cause immune-related adverse events -; side effects that can impact almost every organ in the body to varying degrees. The frequency and severity of irAEs in real-world datasets are not well understood, making it difficult to combine cases effectively across institutions and gain insights into the optimal management of these patients.
The LLM identified the most common hospitalizing irAEs, including ICI-induced colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, and ICI-induced myocarditis, which can be fatal. The LLM was compared to the performance of International Classification of Disease codes, which retrospectively identify irAEs, and demonstrated higher accuracy. Results are published in The Journal of Clinical Oncology.
"Not only did the LLM demonstrate higher accuracy in detecting irAEs compared to ICD codes, it identified additional cases of irAEs not picked up via manual adjudication, with an excellent specificity/sensitivity and at only 9.53 seconds per chart," said corresponding author Kerry Reynolds, MD, Director of the Severe Immunotherapy Complications Program at Mass General Cancer Center.
This study analyzed 10 years of data in a gold standard, manually curated dataset from patients who were hospitalized after receiving ICI therapy. Related Stories"The results demonstrated that the model consistently achieved sensitivities and specificities above 90% across the four irAEs which is excellent," said Reynolds. "Historically, collaboration in the field of irAEs has been concentrated among large academic centers, leaving smaller community hospitals with less opportunity to contribute. This study has the potential to change that.
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