AI won't replace radiologists, yet! ArtificialIntelligence Diagnostic Radiology radiologist AI bmj_latest GreatOrmondSt Cambridge_Uni
Radiologists in the United Kingdom must pass the FRCR examination before completing their training. Assuming that AI can pass the same test, it could replace radiologists. The final FRCR exam has three components, and candidates require a passing mark in each component to pass the exam overall.
About the study In the present study, researchers evaluated whether an AI candidate can pass the FRCR exam and outperform human radiologists taking the same examination. The authors used 10 FRCR mock examinations for analysis since the RCR denied sharing retired FRCR rapid reporting examination cases. The radiographs were selected, reflecting the same difficulty level as an actual exam.
Radiologists provided ratings on 1) how representative the mock exams were relative to the actual FRCR examination, 2) their performance, and 3) how well they thought AI would have performed. Likewise, 300 anonymized radiographs were provided to the AI candidate called Smarturgences, developed by Milvue, a French AI company.
In scenarios 3 and 4, the AI candidate would have failed the examination. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for AI were 83.6%, 75.2%, and 79.5% in scenario 1. For radiologists, the summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 84.1%, 87.3%, and 84.8%, respectively. AI was the highest-performing candidate in one examination but ranked second to last overall.
The researchers say: “On this occasion, the artificial intelligence candidate was unable to pass any of the 10 mock examinations when marked against similarly strict criteria to its human counterparts, but it could pass two of the mock examinations if special dispensation was made by the RCR to exclude images that it had not been trained on.”
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