Gut microbes disturbed by COVID-19 infection, especially with antibiotics RutgersU
] may also impact the gut microbiome. Despite our efforts to minimize such impact and recruit patients who had adopted similar measures by conducting the study at a single site, we recognize the importance of these changes, which could interfere with identifying the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on gut dysbiosis.
In conclusion, we present evidence that acute COVID-19 infection can induce gut microbiota dysbiosis with depletion of commensal bacteria, a phenomenon enhanced by antibiotic exposure. Further investigation of patients across the severity gradient in expanded longitudinal cohorts will enhance understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in COVID-19 disease progression and recovery. These findings may help identify microbial targets and probiotic supplements for improving COVID-19 treatment.
All of the medical records of the patients were reviewed to collect demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medical history, COVID-19 duration, and treatment. A questionnaire was used at the time of specimen collection to obtain diet type, antibiotics used in the 6 months prior to study entry, and prior and existing treatment for COVID-19. The use of antibiotics also was recorded during hospitalization.
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