Backgammon was an easy win. Chess, harder. But for some aficionados it is only now that artificial intelligence can truly say it has joined the gameplaying club—for it has proved it can routinely beat humans at Diplomacy
Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitaskFor those unfamiliar with the game, its board is a map of Europe just before the first world war . Participants, seven ideally, each take on the role of one of the Great Powers: Austria, England, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Turkey.
Cicero, a program devised by a group of Mark Zuckerberg’s employees who dub themselves the Meta Fundamental, when they entered their creation into an online Diplomacy league, in which it played 40 games, it emerged as one of the top 10% of players—and no one rumbled that it was not human.game-playing projects the program has learned by reinforcement. Playing repeatedly against itself or another version of itself, it acts first at random, then more selectively.
To play the game, Cicero looks at the board, remembers past moves and makes an educated guess as to what everyone else will want to do next. Then it tries to work out what makes sense for its own move, by choosing different goals, simulating what might happen, and also simulating how all the other players will react to that.
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