Australian rainforest remedies: Scientists explore bioactive plant compounds as potential anti-neuroinflammatory agents Ethnobotanical DrugDiscovery Australian Rainforest Neuroinflammation CSAIDs NSAIDs Neurodegenerative MedicinalPlants IJMS_MDPI
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaJul 9 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent review published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, researchers provide an overview of bioactive plant compounds as potential anti-neuroinflammatory agents and the procedures involved in their development.
Aboriginal communities in Australia provide valuable sources for identifying novel drug leads for treating various infectious and non-infectious diseases, including inflammation-related illnesses. These plants, such as Melaleuca alternifoliavia, Eucalyptus, Angophora costata, Centipeda minima, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Tinospora smilacina, Ficus opposite, Passiflora foetida, Eremophila, and Dodonaea viscosa, are known for their diverse flora and high biotic pressures.
Discovering novel nutraceuticals for neurodegenerative diseases Neurodegenerative diseases are influenced by inflammatory neurotoxicity and microglial activation, which can be triggered at the central and local levels. Activated microglial cells secrete neurotoxic molecules like reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-alpha that damage neighboring neurons.
Curcumin, the primary curcuminoid in turmeric , inhibits interleukin-6 , TNF-α, and nitric oxide production in microglia. Studies using glial fibrillary acidic protein and IL-6 murine models indicate that curcumin could reverse the detrimental effects of chronic glial activation during neuroinflammation and be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its anti-inflammatory activity, curcumin has limited bioavailability and stability.
Cell-based screening assays for studying neuroinflammation Macrophages are essential immune cells and play a crucial role in regulating lymphocyte activation and proliferation. In research, macrophage murine cell lines like RAW 264.7 and J774 provide a convenient in vitro model for drug screening, thereby reducing costs and time.
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