The CDC predicts increased activity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) for the upcoming winter season, urging clinicians to implement new prevention tools like nirsevimab and FDA-approved vaccines for vulnerable populations. The advisory comes as RSV activity shows a changing pattern, affecting infants, children, and adults, and causing thousands of hospitalizations annually.
By Neha MathurSep 10 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent public health advisory, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicts the respiratory syncytial virus activity for the upcoming winter season and encourages clinicians to adopt and implement new RSV prevention tools.
Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the annual RSV season in the U.S. began in the fall and often reached its peak by winter. Due to mitigation measures implemented during the pandemic, RSV spread reduced between May 2020 and March 2021; however, the spread of RSV eventually returned to its typical seasonal trend.
In 2023, the CDC observed increased RSV activity in the southeastern U.S. in late August. According to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System data, the weekly percentage of polymerase chain reaction test-based positive detections remained below the season's onset threshold of 3% for two weeks.
The CDC asked clinicians to consult local, territorial, or state authorities on the timing of nirsevimab use, especially in regions with less predictable RSV seasonality. Current recommendations for nirsevimab include one dose for all infants ages eight months or younger entering their first RSV season or born during this time, within the first week of birth, and another as early as possible during their first RSV season.
RSVPreF3 and RSVpreF, which are recombinant protein vaccines, have also received FDA approval for use in adults 60 years and older. In a clinical trial that included 38,177 participants over 60 years of age, these vaccines were associated with over 80% efficacy in preventing RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease. The RSVpreF vaccine was also approved for use in pregnant women between 32-36 weeks.
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