For many patients, the internet serves as a powerful tool for self-education on medical topics. With ChatGPT now at patients' fingertips, researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham health care system, assessed how consistently the artificial intelligence chatbot provides recommendations for cancer treatment that align with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.
, show that in approximately one-third of cases, ChatGPT 3.5 provided an inappropriate recommendation, highlighting the need for awareness of the technology's limitations., but they should always discuss with a clinician, and resources on the Internet should not be consulted in isolation," said corresponding author Danielle Bitterman, MD, of the Department of Radiation Oncology and the Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program of Mass General Brigham.
Although medical decision-making can be influenced by many factors, Bitterman and colleagues chose to evaluate the extent to which ChatGPT's recommendations aligned with the NCCN guidelines, which are used by physicians at institutions across the country. Nearly all responses included at least one treatment approach that agreed with NCCN guidelines. However, the researchers found that 34% of these responses also included one or more non-concordant recommendations, which were sometimes difficult to detect amidst otherwise sound guidance.
In 12.5% of cases, ChatGPT produced"hallucinations," or a treatment recommendation entirely absent from NCCN guidelines. These included recommendations of novel therapies, or curative therapies for non-curative cancers. The authors emphasized that this form of misinformation can incorrectly set patients' expectations about treatment and potentially impact the clinician-patient relationship.
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