Red dwarf flaring is deadly. But new research shows some extremophiles could survive thanks to melanin. Did melanin help early life on Earth?
This artist's illustration shows planets orbiting a red dwarf star. Many red dwarfs have planets in their habitable zones, but red dwarf flaring might mean those zones aren't habitable at all. New research explores the idea. Image Credit: NASA
This is an artist’s concept of a red dwarf star undergoing a powerful eruption called a stellar flare. A hypothetical planet is in the foreground. Credit: NASA/ESA/G. Bacon A scanning electron microscope of freeze-dried Aspergillus niger. Image Credit: By Mogana Das Murtey and Patchamuthu Ramasamy – , CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52254793
It’s impossible to model the surface conditions of these planets perfectly, but researchers can get close by using what’s called the
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