COVID-19 significantly increases the incidence of type 2 diabetes, particularly in unvaccinated individuals and those hospitalized. Vaccination and regular diabetes screening post-COVID-19 are crucial for managing long-term health impacts.
By Vijay Kumar MalesuReviewed by Sophia CoveneyAug 7 2024 In a recent study published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology , a group of researchers investigated the association between coronavirus disease 2019 and the incidence of type 2, type 1, non-specific, and gestational diabetes , and the effect of COVID-19 vaccination.
It remains unclear if excess diabetes is due to short-term hyperglycemia or long-term effects. Most studies examined diabetes incidence at fixed time points post-COVID-19. COVID-19 severity and vaccination likely influence outcomes, but only one study assessed vaccination's impact on post-COVID-19 diabetes. Further research is needed to understand long-term effects, vaccination impact, and underlying mechanisms.
The study assessed associations between COVID-19 and diabetes diagnoses, examining variations up to two years post-diagnosis by diabetes type, vaccination status, and COVID-19 severity. Statistical analyses estimated incidence rates and hazard ratios, with subgroup analyses by demographics and comorbidities. Data was sorted and analyzed using Python and R, and ethical approval was obtained.
The unvaccinated cohort was younger, had a higher proportion of men, more individuals from South Asian and Black ethnic backgrounds, and more from the most deprived backgrounds compared to the vaccinated cohort. The median follow-up times were 714 days for the pre-vaccination cohort, 190 days for the vaccinated cohort, and 126 days for the unvaccinated cohort.
In the pre-vaccination cohort, 145,323 type 2 diabetes diagnoses had follow-up data, with 61.6% being persistent. Persistent diabetes was slightly higher after hospitalization with COVID-19. Adjusted hazard ratios showed increased type 2 diabetes incidence post-COVID-19, especially in the unvaccinated cohort. In the pre-vaccination cohort, type 2 diabetes incidence remained elevated 53-102 weeks post-diagnosis.
Diabetes SARS SARS-Cov-2 Coronavirus Covid-19 Endocrinology Gestational Diabetes Hyperglycemia Primary Care Public Health Research Respiratory Severe Acute Respiratory Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Software Syndrome Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Vaccine
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