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Identified in 2016, Crater 2 stands out among satellite galaxies due to its enormous size and extremely low brightness, hinting at unusual dark matter dynamics. The prevailing CDM model struggles to account for such features. Credit: SciTechDaily.com
Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is surrounded by about fifty dwarf galaxies. Most of these galaxies are only identifiable through telescopes and have been named after the constellation in which they appear on the sky . However, the two most obvious dwarf galaxies are called the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud , and these are easily visible to the unaided eye. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC
However, the latest measurements of the orbit of Crater 2 around the Milky Way suggest the strength of the tidal interactions is too weak to lower the satellite galaxy’s dark matter density to be consistent with its measurements — if dark matter is made of cold, collisionless particles, as expected from the prevailing cold dark matter theory, or CDM.
“Our work shows that SIDM can explain the unusual properties of Crater 2,” Yu said. “The key mechanism is that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the halo of Crater 2 and produce a shallow density core, that is, the dark matter density is flattened at small radii. In contrast, in a CDM halo, the density would increase sharply toward the center of the galaxy.”
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