The newly discovered process for making aerosols might also be the most productive.
Scientists have sussed out a new source for the seeds of clouds. When the stratospheric layer of Earth’s atmosphere dips a toe into the underlying troposphere, the resulting chemical mixture becomes a fertile environment where tiny new particles, including the microscopic aerosols around which clouds begin to coalesce, can form.
But the airborne observations suggest that stratospheric air intrusions are even more productive when it comes to particle formation. Turbulence in the atmosphere caused by the jet stream, a fast-moving current of air, can cause fingers of stratospheric air to punch down and curl into the troposphere below.
Exactly which and how many particles are being formed by these stratospheric air intrusions is a subject for future work, Wang says. “We don’t really understand the mechanisms in detail. We know from the data that … you need sunshine, high ozone and moisture” to produce). Those molecules eagerly interact with other gases in the atmosphere. So there are probably many different chemical reactions going on in these regions, producing a variety of new molecules and particles.
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