By analyzing the dynamics of 12 back-to-back explosions that happened in 2018, researchers describe a new type of volcanic eruption mechanism. The explosions were driven by sudden pressure increases as the ground collapsed, which blasted plumes of rock fragments and hot gas into the air, much like a classic stomp-rocket toy.
No two volcanic eruptions are exactly alike, but scientists think a series of explosive eruptions at Kīlauea volcano fit into a whole new category.
"These eruptions are quite interesting in that they don't really seem to involve either of those," Crozier said."The eruptive material contained very little that looked like fresh magma that was blasted out, but there's no evidence for significant groundwater being involved, either." Putting all that data into a variety of atmospheric and subsurface models, the scientists pieced together a new story about what happened on Kīlauea during the string of events in 2018.
"The 'stomp' is this whole kilometer-thick chunk of rock dropping down, pressurizing the pocket, and then forcing material directly up," Crozier said. And the 'rocket' is, of course, the gas and rocks erupting from the volcano.
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