Eczema may be considered as a potential protective factor of brain cancer in population aged over 16 years, finds a study published in BMCCancer. This relationship differs regionally and requires validation in large-scale trials.
describes the specific search parameters. Two reviewers independently performed a preliminary screening of relevant literature based on the titles and abstracts. Then, the full text of these papers was reviewed to identify those suitable for analysis. Differences in opinions were resolved through a discussion with the corresponding author. In addition, articles in the bibliographies of the papers mentioned above that met the screening criteria were also assessed for analysis potential.
The exclusion criteria were: a) reviews, animal studies, abstracts, or conference proceedings; b) unpublished data or case reports; c) duplicate literature and duplicate data; and d) studies lacking specific data on exposure and endpoints .
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Development and validation of an AI-enabled digital breast cancer assay to predict early-stage breast cancer recurrence within 6 years - Breast Cancer ResearchBackground Breast cancer (BC) grading plays a critical role in patient management despite the considerable inter- and intra-observer variability, highlighting the need for decision support tools to improve reproducibility and prognostic accuracy for use in clinical practice. The objective was to evaluate the ability of a digital artificial intelligence (AI) assay (PDxBr) to enrich BC grading and improve risk categorization for predicting recurrence. Methods In our population-based longitudinal clinical development and validation study, we enrolled 2075 patients from Mount Sinai Hospital with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. With 3:1 balanced training and validation cohorts, patients were retrospectively followed for a median of 6 years. The main outcome was to validate an automated BC phenotyping system combined with clinical features to produce a binomial risk score predicting BC recurrence at diagnosis. Results The PDxBr training model (n = 1559 patients) had a C-index of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.76–0.81) versus clinical 0.71 (95% CI, 0.67–0.74) and image feature models 0.72 (95% CI, 0.70–0.74). A risk score of 58 (scale 0–100) stratified patients as low or high risk, hazard ratio (HR) 5.5 (95% CI 4.19–7.2, p | 0.001), with a sensitivity 0.71, specificity 0.77, NPV 0.95, and PPV 0.32 for predicting BC recurrence within 6 years. In the validation cohort (n = 516), the C-index was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.72–0.79) versus clinical 0.71 (95% CI 0.66–0.75) versus image feature models 0.67 (95% CI, 0.63–071). The validation cohort had an HR of 4.4 (95% CI 2.7–7.1, p | 0.001), sensitivity of 0.60, specificity 0.77, NPV 0.94, and PPV 0.24 for predicting BC recurrence within 6 years. PDxBr also improved Oncotype Recurrence Score (RS) performance: RS 31 cutoff, C-index of 0.36 (95% CI 0.26–0.45), sensitivity 37%, specificity 48%, HR 0.48, p = 0.04 versus Oncotype RS plus AI-grade C-index 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.79), sensitivity 78%, specificity 49%, HR 4.6, p | 0.001 versus Oncotype
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Homicide Investigation Closes Part of Route 7 North, I-95 North and South in Norwalk, Conn.A homicide investigation has closed Route 7 north and part of both sides of Interstate 95 in Norwalk on Saturday. Troopers were called to a one-car crash on Route 7 north near exit 2 around 3:19 a.m. When state police arrived, they said they found a man in the driver’s seat of the vehicle. He was pronounced dead at the…
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World Cancer Day 2023: Perspectives from The Institute of Cancer TherapeuticsTo commemorate World Cancer Day, we spoke to a multidisciplinary team of researchers from The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics (ICT) based at the University of Bradford about their work in cancer research.
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Beatson centre to mark World Cancer Day with special projectionThe Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre is marking World Cancer Day with a special projection.
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GENTLE: a novel bioinformatics tool for generating features and building classifiers from T cell repertoire cancer data - BMC BioinformaticsBackground In the global effort to discover biomarkers for cancer prognosis, prediction tools have become essential resources. TCR (T cell receptor) repertoires contain important features that differentiate healthy controls from cancer patients or differentiate outcomes for patients being treated with different drugs. Considering, tools that can easily and quickly generate and identify important features out of TCR repertoire data and build accurate classifiers to predict future outcomes are essential. Results This paper introduces GENTLE (GENerator of T cell receptor repertoire features for machine LEarning): an open-source, user-friendly web-application tool that allows TCR repertoire researchers to discover important features; to create classifier models and evaluate them with metrics; and to quickly generate visualizations for data interpretations. We performed a case study with repertoires of TRegs (regulatory T cells) and TConvs (conventional T cells) from healthy controls versus patients with breast cancer. We showed that diversity features were able to distinguish between the groups. Moreover, the classifiers built with these features could correctly classify samples (‘Healthy’ or ‘Breast Cancer’)from the TRegs repertoire when trained with the TConvs repertoire, and from the TConvs repertoire when trained with the TRegs repertoire. Conclusion The paper walks through installing and using GENTLE and presents a case study and results to demonstrate the application’s utility. GENTLE is geared towards any researcher working with TCR repertoire data and aims to discover predictive features from these data and build accurate classifiers. GENTLE is available on https://github.com/dhiego22/gentle and https://share.streamlit.io/dhiego22/gentle/main/gentle.py .
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Global prevalence of Rett syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis - Systematic ReviewsBackground Rett syndrome is a rare, severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Almost all cases occur in girls, in association with spontaneous (non-inherited) mutations involving the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene located on the X chromosome. Diagnostic criteria for typical Rett syndrome require a period of regression, followed by recovery or stabilization, and fulfillment of all four main criteria (loss of purposeful hand skills, loss of spoken language, gait abnormalities, and stereotypic hand movements). Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of Rett syndrome in the general population, stratified by sex. Methods We conducted a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and LIVIVO to retrieve studies published in English between Jan. 1, 2000, and June 30, 2021. Pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis based on a generalized linear mixed model with a logit link. Results Ten eligible studies were identified (all in females), with a combined sample size of 9.57 million women and 673 Rett syndrome cases. The pooled prevalence estimate (random effects) was 7.1 per 100,000 females (95% CI: 4.8, 10.5, heterogeneity p | 0.001). Despite greatly variable precision of estimation, all estimates were compatible with a prevalence range of approximately 5 to 10 cases per 100,000 females based on their respective 95% CIs. Conclusion These findings may facilitate planning of therapeutic trials in this indication in terms of target sample size and accrual times.
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