First-line immune defenses against COVID-19 are short-lived and may explain reinfection imperialspark
First author of the study, Dr. Felicity Liew, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, said,"Before our study, it was unclear how long these important nasal antibodies lasted. Our study found durable immune responses after infection and vaccination, but these key nasal antibodies were shorter-lived than those in the blood. While blood antibodies help to protect against disease, nasal antibodies can prevent infection altogether.
Co-senior author of the study, Professor Peter Openshaw, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, said,"Our results highlight a need for nasal spray vaccines that can boost these local antibodies in the nose and lungs. Such vaccines might be able to prevent people from getting infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and reduce transmission of the virus between people. This could help us to better control the pandemic and stop new variants emerging.
Samples were taken when people were hospitalized and at six months and one year after. Since most people were vaccinated during the study, many samples were also taken before and after vaccination. Of those who confirmed whether they had been vaccinated , 95% received their first vaccination during the study follow-up period. This led to increases in all nasal and blood antibodies, but the change in the first-line defense nasal antibodies was small and temporary. The researchers found that the participants' sex, disease severity and age did not impact how long their nasal immunity lasted, but caution that their study was only in people with severe disease that required hospitalization.
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