Dynamic interactions with viruses and bacterial pathobionts significantly enhance nasal innate immunity in children, revealing distinct immunophenotypes driven by microbial load and type.
By Tarun Sai LomteReviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Jul 2 2024 A recent study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine showed that dynamic, frequent host-pathogen interactions activate nasal innate immunity in children.
Study: High burden of viruses and bacterial pathobionts drives heightened nasal innate immunity in children. Image Credit: Pixel-Shot / Shutterstock None of the 2021 samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, while 65 samples from 2022 were SARS-CoV-2+. In the SARS-CoV-2+ group, 16 were asymptomatic, 15 were hospitalized, and 34 were outpatients. Further, residual NP swabs were tested for 16 respiratory viruses using quantitative polymerase chain reaction tests. This revealed that the prevalence of respiratory viruses was much higher than at clinical testing.
Besides, viral load was significantly higher in bacterial pathobiont-positive samples; likewise, pathobiont load was significantly higher in virus-positive samples. Next, immunoassays evaluated the activation of mucosal interferon response by measuring C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 in all samples. CXCL10 concentrations correlated with viral load. CXCL10 and viral load were less likely to be elevated in those without respiratory symptoms.
Immunity Bacteria Coronavirus CXCL10 Interferon Medicine Pandemic Pathogen Protein Respiratory SARS SARS-Cov-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Syndrome Virus
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