About one in every five people carries a version of a gene that, although largely unsung, appears to confer protection against both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, Stanford Medicine investigators and their colleagues have learned.
Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc.Aug 30 2023 These lucky people may someday benefit all the more from a vaccine that could slow or stall the progression of these two most common neurodegenerative conditions.
Emmanuel Mignot, MD, PhD, the Craig Reynolds Professor in Sleep Medicine and professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences Carrying DR4 also correlated with a later onset of symptoms in Parkinson's patients, even though neurofibrillary tangles aren't typically seen in that disease. Routine exposure of these fragments, or peptides -; stand-alone snippets of chopped-up proteins -; on the cell's surface allows roving immune cells to peruse them. By inspecting cell-surface peptides, these patrolling immune cells can see if there's anything funny going on inside -; namely, whether any foreign or altered protein might reside in the cell, implying an infection or cancerous state, respectively.
Mignot thinks DR4 is involved in what has been called "protective autoimmunity": A certain peptide that DR4 knows how to grab onto and display is actually a chemically modified segment of a normal protein our cells make -; tau. It's the chemical modification that's causing trouble.
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