While advances in diabetes care have improved survival rates, this study highlights persistent ethnic disparities in mortality risk, urging tailored healthcare strategies to address diverse needs.
By Vijay Kumar MalesuReviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Jan 22 2025 A systematic review of 573,173 individuals with type 2 diabetes found South Asian, Black, and Chinese ethnic groups have significantly lower all-cause mortality risks compared to White populations, while Māori and Indigenous Australians face higher mortality.
Background Bangladeshi patients show the strongest survival advantage. While South Asians overall had a 32% lower mortality, Bangladeshi individuals stood out with a striking 37% reduction , whereas Pakistani and Indian subgroups showed lower risk trends, but their differences were not statistically significant.
Further research is needed to explore factors driving these differences and to guide targeted interventions for improving outcomes in T2D management across diverse populations. Eligible studies included adults aged 18 years or older with T2D from population-based settings. Studies had to compare at least two ethnic groups, with no restrictions on location, language, or health status. Exclusion criteria focused on studies of children, type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, or populations selected based on specific comorbidities.
An initial search in March 2023, updated in May 2024, retrieved 33,922 studies from nine databases, with an additional 3,097 studies in the update. After removing duplicates, 16,520 studies underwent title and abstract screening, leading to 292 full-text articles for further review. Ultimately, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria for this analysis, focusing on mortality outcomes in T2D.
Meta-analysis revealed significant findings regarding all-cause mortality risk. Four studies comparing South Asian ethnicity with White ethnicity reported a lower mortality risk for South Asians, with a hazard ratio of 0.68 . Similarly, five studies examining Black ethnicity demonstrated a reduced mortality risk compared to White ethnicity, HR 0.82 . For Chinese ethnicity, two studies indicated a lower mortality risk compared to White ethnicity, HR 0.
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