A new study investigates the potential link between popular GLP-1 medications and vision problems, raising concerns despite the drugs' proven benefits.
A retrospective study published in JAMA Ophthalmology in January 2025 examined the potential link between GLP-1 medications and vision problems . The study focused on nine patients who experienced vision issues while using semaglutide (Wegovy and Ozempic) or tirzepatide (Mounjaro and Zepbound), drugs known for their remarkable popularity in weight management and diabetes treatment. While a direct causal relationship hasn't been established, the study highlights a concerning trend.
Several patients presented with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a condition involving insufficient blood supply to the optic nerve, leading to permanent partial vision loss. Other cases involved papillitis, optic nerve head inflammation, and paracentral acute middle maculopathy, which can cause a blind spot in vision. Notably, some patients displayed atypical symptoms, experiencing NAION in both eyes simultaneously. This finding deviates from the typical presentation of NAION, which usually affects only one eye at a time.The authors emphasize that while these cases remain relatively rare, the skyrocketing demand for GLP-1 medications warrants attention. A 2024 study revealed that 12% of the U.S. population has used these drugs, with 6% currently taking them. Patients in the study, all in their 50s and 60s, were prescribed these medications due to diabetes or obesity, often accompanied by other cardiovascular conditions. These comorbidities themselves can contribute to vision problems like diabetic retinopathy. The researchers question whether these medications could be increasing the risk of visual loss, particularly in patients who experience rapid blood glucose reductions. They acknowledge that diabetic patients, even without taking these medications, may experience temporary vision blurring due to blood sugar fluctuations. The message to patients is that while these drugs offer well-documented benefits, they should promptly consult their internists if they experience vision loss. Adjustments in dosage or medication discontinuation may be necessary. The takeaway for healthcare providers is to prioritize prompt ophthalmological evaluation for any patient reporting vision changes while on GLP-1 medications.
GLP-1 Medications Vision Problems NAION Diabetic Retinopathy Healthcare Ophthalmology
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