The association between gut microbiota composition and risk of infection-related hospitalization.
By Hugo Francisco de SouzaReviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLMJun 24 2024 In a recent study published in The Lancet Microbe, researchers investigated the association between gut microbiota composition and risk of infection-related hospitalization. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, they characterized the diversity and abundance of gut bacteria in two large, independent, European population-based cohorts.
These findings imply that current prevention and treatment modalities are insufficient in curtailing the impacts of infectious diseases and necessitate the discovery of novel strategies to prevent infections severe enough to merit hospitalization and/or death. Unfortunately, human-derived data is mainly observational, with externally validated, geographically controlled outcomes severely lacking from the literature.
Data from the study was derived from two independent Europe-based large-scale population cohorts – the Netherlands-based HELIUS study and the Finland-based FINRISK 2002 study. Both cohorts were national hospitalization- and mortality-linked prospective studies. Differences in community composition between participants requiring hospitalization and those that did not were computed using permutational multivariate analysis of variance with Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction corrections applied.The gut microbial composition across cohorts was comprised predominantly of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, with mean relative abundances of 65.9% and 24.1%, respectively. 3.6% of the HELIUS cohort and 7.
Cox proportional hazard ratio estimations revealed that the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria directly contributed to reduced severe infection risk. Every 10% increase in the relative abundance of these bacteria was associated with a 0.75 Cause-Specific Hazard Ratio .
Healthcare Immunity Infectious Diseases Medicine Microbiome Mortality Research Respiratory
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