Explore lipid nanoparticle metabolism and its impact on drug delivery efficiency and safety.
By Marzia KhanMar 19 2024Reviewed by Megan Craig, M.Sc. Continue reading to learn about the conventional routes of how lipid nanoparticles are metabolized.Lipid nanoparticles have gained popularity in drug development research due to their suitability as nanocarriers for drugs with poor availability in the body.
Lipid nanoparticles can be biodegraded into hydrophilic small molecules for the process of excretion to occur, with their exogenous metabolites then being excreted through urine or bile. However, with some metabolites having pharmacological or toxicological activity that affects the functionality of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes, this can lead to potential toxicity when the lipid nanoparticles are metabolized.
These barriers can metabolize lipid nanoparticles pre-emptively, resulting in the nanoparticles being in the body for a shorter period due to being metabolized quickly. However, an advantage of the oral route of administration is that it can be self-administered by the patient, which can increase patient compliance, bypassing first-pass hepatic effects and providing a good surface for absorption.
The intramuscular route of administration can have physical barriers, such as the extracellular matrix and blood and lymphatic vessels, while the chemical and biological barriers include enzymes and the immune system, respectively. This delivery route can also be beneficial, with patient self-administration possible, as well as bypassing the first-pass metabolism effect.
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