How does temperature affect host responses to SARS-CoV-2 and IAV infection in human nasal epithelial cells? biorxivpreprint JohnsHopkinsSPH HopkinsMedicine SARSCoV2 COVID19 coronavirus covid influenza virus
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDMar 13 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. *Important notice: bioRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.
The normal temperature of the URT is about 33oC, vs. 37oC in the LRT. Fever may see these rise to a maximum of 39oC. Higher temperatures following infection with rhinoviruses have been shown to induce antiviral responses, inhibiting viral replication at 37oC in mice but not in human cultures. The current study, available on the preprint server bioRxiv*, sought to tie together the effect of temperature on the host immune responses in cultures simulating the human nasal epithelium.
The inflammatory cytokine response with SARS-CoV-2 was significantly lower at all viral loads compared to IAV, except for late infected cells at high temperatures. At 37oC, SARS-CoV-2-infected cells showed little difference in transcriptional profile from mock-infected cells. Another explanation is that keratinization, which is important in wound healing, may show the ability of these cells to sustain and recover from injury caused by viral infection faster.
With IAV, membrane- and cell signaling-related pathways became active following infection. This was not the case for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which triggered transcriptional pathways related to the cytoskeleton and cellular projections.
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