How gut microbiota control feelings of fullness after eating Microbiome Gut Appetitie Diet Eating microbiota Trends_Endo_Met MaastrichtU
By Tarun Sai LomteMar 7 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent study published in the journal Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism discusses recent findings linking satiety to the gut microbiome.
SCFAs involved in satiety regulation SCFAs are mainly formed from the fermentation of dietary fiber. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the most abundant SCFAs and account for about 95% of all SCFAs synthesized in humans. These SCFAs induce the secretion of satiation-related hormones, such as peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide 1 .
SCFAs are also capable of crossing an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier . Furthermore, colonic and intravenous administration of radiolabeled acetate in mice revealed the uptake of the SCFA in the hypothalamus. Nonetheless, human studies found no such uptake of the labeled SCFAs in the brain.
Seven studies reported higher secretion of satiety hormones in response to fiber/prebiotic intervention. Two long-term studies showed reduced ad libitum energy intake following a 12-week fiber and eight-week oligofructose intervention in obese/overweight people.
United Kingdom Latest News, United Kingdom Headlines
Similar News:You can also read news stories similar to this one that we have collected from other news sources.
Gamma-delta T cells modulate the microbiota and fecal micro-RNAs to maintain mucosal tolerance - MicrobiomeBackground Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a major cell population in the intestinal mucosa and are key mediators of mucosal tolerance and microbiota composition. Little is known about the mechanisms by which intestinal γδ T cells interact with the gut microbiota to maintain tolerance. Results We found that antibiotic treatment impaired oral tolerance and depleted intestinal γδ T cells, suggesting that the gut microbiota is necessary to maintain γδ T cells. We also found that mice deficient for γδ T cells (γδ−/−) had an altered microbiota composition that led to small intestine (SI) immune dysregulation and impaired tolerance. Accordingly, colonizing WT mice with γδ−/− microbiota resulted in SI immune dysregulation and loss of tolerance whereas colonizing γδ−/− mice with WT microbiota normalized mucosal immune responses and restored mucosal tolerance. Moreover, we found that SI γδ T cells shaped the gut microbiota and regulated intestinal homeostasis by secreting the fecal micro-RNA let-7f. Importantly, oral administration of let-7f to γδ−/− mice rescued mucosal tolerance by promoting the growth of the γδ−/−-microbiota-depleted microbe Ruminococcus gnavus. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrate that γδ T cell-selected microbiota is necessary and sufficient to promote mucosal tolerance, is mediated in part by γδ T cell secretion of fecal micro-RNAs, and is mechanistically linked to restoration of mucosal immune responses. Video Abstract
Read more »
Does ingested fluoride affect the human microbiome?Does ingested fluoride affect the human microbiome? Fluoride Microbiome water fluoridation fluorosis bacteria caries drinkingwater ElsevierNews tcddublin UCC atu_ie
Read more »
Do seasonal changes in food types lead to changes in the composition and structure of gut microbiota?Do seasonal changes in food types lead to changes in the composition and structure of gut microbiota? FrontiersIn FrontMicrobiol food diet microbiome gut microbiota season
Read more »
Researchers optically evoke tachycardia enhanced anxiety-like behaviourIn a recent study published in the journal Nature, researchers devised a non-invasive optogenetic and wearable cardiac pacemaker for accurate and specific control of cardiac rhythm for ≤900 beats per minute (bpm), enabled by micro-light-emitting display (LED) harness and systemic channelrhodopsin delivery.
Read more »
Do seasonal changes in food types lead to changes in the composition and structure of gut microbiota?Do seasonal changes in food types lead to changes in the composition and structure of gut microbiota? FrontiersIn FrontMicrobiol food diet microbiome gut microbiota season
Read more »
Gamma-delta T cells modulate the microbiota and fecal micro-RNAs to maintain mucosal tolerance - MicrobiomeBackground Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a major cell population in the intestinal mucosa and are key mediators of mucosal tolerance and microbiota composition. Little is known about the mechanisms by which intestinal γδ T cells interact with the gut microbiota to maintain tolerance. Results We found that antibiotic treatment impaired oral tolerance and depleted intestinal γδ T cells, suggesting that the gut microbiota is necessary to maintain γδ T cells. We also found that mice deficient for γδ T cells (γδ−/−) had an altered microbiota composition that led to small intestine (SI) immune dysregulation and impaired tolerance. Accordingly, colonizing WT mice with γδ−/− microbiota resulted in SI immune dysregulation and loss of tolerance whereas colonizing γδ−/− mice with WT microbiota normalized mucosal immune responses and restored mucosal tolerance. Moreover, we found that SI γδ T cells shaped the gut microbiota and regulated intestinal homeostasis by secreting the fecal micro-RNA let-7f. Importantly, oral administration of let-7f to γδ−/− mice rescued mucosal tolerance by promoting the growth of the γδ−/−-microbiota-depleted microbe Ruminococcus gnavus. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrate that γδ T cell-selected microbiota is necessary and sufficient to promote mucosal tolerance, is mediated in part by γδ T cell secretion of fecal micro-RNAs, and is mechanistically linked to restoration of mucosal immune responses. Video Abstract
Read more »