Today’s country walkers owe much to the theodolite-lugging cartographers of the early Ordnance Survey
, striding up hills and down dales, swear by the orange Explorer maps produced by Ordnance Survey . The national mapping agency is also important for managing land use and infrastructure. For centuries, though, no one had set out to systematically and accurately map the British isles in their entirety. It was not until the 19th century thatmaps fit together in a jigsaw that stretches over the country, whenbegan its cartographic project around 1800 it progressed sheet by sheet.
As they worked through Wales, the English-speaking surveyors struggled with Welsh place names, mangling many. Croeswdig was mapped as “Crosswoodig”, Rhos-y-cribed as “Rosey cribelt”.developed a system for determining how place names should be spelled. This included checking with reputable members of the community. Landowners and the clergy were considered reliable. Small farmers and crofters were not, even if they had deep roots in an area.
The pace of the Industrial Revolution—with new railway lines, growing urban centres and sites of industry—made maps out of date even before they had been engraved onto copper plates for printing. Survey progress slowed asWest of London, for example, we can compare two versions of the same map. To keep up with the railways, mapmakers sometimes engraved new railway lines straight over the top of existing designs. Moving elements engraved on a metal plate is hard.
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