Impact of HbA1c Followed 32 Years From Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes on Development of Severe Retinopathy and Nephropathy: The VISS Study

Long-term study determines recommended blood sugar levels to avoid diabetes-related damage

values. Complications were analyzed in relation to wHbAAfter 32 years, 9% had no retinopathy, 64% non-PDR, and 27% PDR, and 83% had no microalbuminuria, 9% microalbuminuria, and 8% macroalbuminuria.

Patients with near-normal wHbAvalues associated with development of PDR and nephropathy were 7.3% and 8.1% , respectively. The prevalence of PDR and macroalbuminuria increased with increasing wHbA>9.5% . In comparison with the follow-up done after 20–24 years’ duration, the prevalence of PDR had increased from 14 to 27% and macroalbuminuria from 4 to 8%, and both appeared at lower wHbA

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