Indonesia, a major greenhouse gas emitter, questions the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement following the US's withdrawal. Jakarta's climate envoy argues that emission reduction targets are unfair when the US, a historical polluter, backs out of commitments. The withdrawal raises concerns about global climate action.
Indonesia , one of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters, has expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement following US President Donald Trump's announcement that the United States would withdraw from the global climate accord.
Jakarta's climate and energy envoy, Hashim Djojohadikusumo, argued that targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in countries like Indonesia were unfair when the US, considered the world's largest historical polluter, was reversing its climate commitments. 'If the US, currently the second-biggest polluter after China, refuses to adhere to the international agreement, why should countries like Indonesia comply?' Hashim stated at a conference in Jakarta on Friday. His remarks come after the Financial Times reported that officials in Argentina were discussing a proposal to exit the Paris Agreement. This would make Argentina only the second country to leave the 2015 accord, which was signed by nearly 200 nations.Within hours of assuming office, President Trump signed an executive order to withdraw the US from the Paris Agreement for the second time, having previously left during his first term. While no other countries followed suit at the time, this latest move has raised concerns that it will undermine global climate action. 'This is a matter of justice. Indonesia emits 3 tons, America 13 tons... Where is the justice in that?' Hashim remarked, referring to carbon dioxide emissions per capita figures. Developing countries have long urged wealthy nations to take the lead in addressing climate change by transitioning their energy systems away from the burning of fossil fuels, the primary cause of climate change. All countries, including Indonesia, are expected to submit new national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by this February under the Paris Agreement. However, many, including the European Union bloc, are anticipated to miss the deadline. Indonesia ranks as the world's sixth-largest polluter due to its heavy reliance on coal. It generates 66 percent of its electricity from coal and continues to build new coal-fired plants to support its growth, including energy-intensive nickel production. Indonesia is the leading supplier of nickel, a crucial element in the production of stainless steel and batteries for electric vehicles. Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has pledged to phase out coal by 2040, but analysts have suggested that this is an ambitious target for a country that has yet to achieve any of its climate goals. Indonesia would require a significant policy overhaul and substantial investments in renewable energy to fulfill its commitments, but the country has struggled to secure adequate funding. It is estimated that Indonesia will need at least $1.2 trillion between now and 2050 for clean energy, storage, and transmission networks, and an estimated $28 billion for the early retirement of coal plants. However, Hashim expressed his belief that the agreed-upon $20 billion financial program to assist Indonesia in weaning itself off coal would 'certainly be scrapped' by the US under Trump. He characterized the so-called Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) as a 'failed program.'Indonesia has repeatedly voiced complaints about the JETP since its launch in 2022, led by the US and Japan, with commitments of private capital through the banking sector umbrella group known as Gfanz. While touted as the largest financing of its kind, a minimal amount of the funds has been disbursed, and the banking alliance has lost many of its leading members. Both sides have agreed on an investment and policy plan under the financing package, but several points of contention remain. Indonesia has stated that donor countries have declined to fund the early retirement of coal plants. Jakarta has also refused to include off-grid coal plants used by mineral processing in its emission reduction plan. Following Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, UN climate chief Simon Stiell asserted that the shift to clean energy was the 'economic growth deal of the decade.' 'The door remains open to the Paris Agreement, and we welcome constructive engagement from any and all countries,' he added
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