A new way of diagnosing lung cancer with a blood draw is 10 times faster and 14 times more sensitive than earlier methods, according to University of Michigan researchers.
University of MichiganOct 3 2024
“Cancer exosomes leaving the tumor microenvironment go out and kind of prepare the soil. Later, the cancer cell seeds shed from the tumor and travel through the bloodstream to plant in the conditioned soil and start to grow,” said Sunitha Nagrath, U-M professor of chemical and biomedical engineering and co-corresponding author of the study in the journal Matter.
These differences can be spotted through interactions with twisted—or circularly polarized—light, which can match the twist in the protein. The resonance creates a strong signal returned to a light detector. However, these light signatures are typically weak and hard to interpret. Furthermore, exosomes must be extracted from a blood sample to do this kind of detection. This is tricky because exosomes are small—measuring just 30 to 200 nanometers .
While I expected the optical activity of nanoparticles to be dependent on the mutations in the proteins, I was pleasantly surprised how sensitive it was. This is due to the fact that nanoparticles are all oriented in the same way in the detection device.” The researchers envision the CDEXO chip will first be used alongside traditional diagnostic methods. As trust in the technology develops, the chip could be used to screen for other cancers to improve early detection.
Cancer Lung Cancer Cell CHIP DNA Electron Exosomes Gold Nanoparticles Microfluidics Microscope Mutation Nanoparticle Nanoparticles Protein RNA Scanning Electron Microscope Technology Tumor
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