Researchers in The New England Journal of Medicine review how integrating human values into AI-based large language models impacts clinical decision-making in medicine.
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaJun 3 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent review article published in The New England Journal of Medicine , researchers review how human values can be incorporated into emerging artificial intelligence -based large language models and how they can impact clinical equations.
It remains unclear whether "human values" that reflect human goals and behaviors will remain incorporated into the creation and use of LLMs. How human values differ from and are similar to LLM values must also be elucidated. Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 is an LLM that has been developed to consider the values of the various parties engaged in a clinical scenario, such as the clinician, the patient themselves or their parents/guardians, as well as health insurance companies. This "tunability" raises concerns about the values that a particular AI model should embody, whether it aids rational decision-making, and how financial forces influence its development and application in medicine.
Related StoriesFor example, during the development of the InstructGPT model, 40 human contractors representative of different demographic groups were recruited to fine-tune this LLM. Since these contractors were hired and instructed by model developers, potential biases can arise in whether the values of the trainers or trainees are ultimately incorporated into the final version of the LLM.
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