Interferon response induced by Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 prevents influenza A infection Influenza Interferon Omicron Coronavirus Disease COVID biorxivpreprint goetheuni UniKent dzif
Study: Omicron-induced interferon signalling prevents influenza A virus infection. Image Credit: Liya Graphics / Shutterstock
About the study The present study used isolates of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 sub-variants to induce an interferon response in primary human bronchial epithelial cells grown in air-liquid interface cultures and primary human monocytes. The ALI HBE cells and the human monocytes were co-infected with influenza A Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1 and Hemagglutinin Type 5 and Neuraminidase Type 1 strains.
Results Related StoriesThe study results showed that biologically active type I and type III interferons were induced only from Omicron sub-variant infections. The BA.1- and BA.5-induced interferon responses were seen to protect ALI HBE cells and human monocytes from influenza A H1N1 and H5N1 infections.
Additionally, the lack of BA.1-induced interferon response in MDA5 knockout cells indicated that recognition of the double-stranded viral RNA by MDA5 mediates the interferon response in BA.1-infected cells. The inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway by baricitinib increased the replication of BA.1 in ALI HBE cells but prevented the interferon-mediated suppression of influenza A H1N1 infection.
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