Interplay between Western diet, gut microbiota, and cancer development Cancer Diet Nutrition microbiota WesternDiet
Study: Western diet influences on microbiome and carcinogenesis. Image Credit: Keri Delaney / Shutterstock
Major components of the Western diet The Western diet contains a high amount of saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, salt, sugar, and food additives associated with many health adversities. Fat is a calorie-rich food component with three subtypes, including unsaturated, trans, and saturated fats. While unsaturated fat is associated with many health benefits, trans and saturated fats increase the risk of various health complications.
High-fat diet-induced changes in microbiota can increase the biosynthesis and systemic levels of lipopolysaccharides, leading to an increased risk of breast, prostate, and esophageal cancers. Dietary fiber is a semi-digestible plant-based food component that helps in digestion and excretion. Microbiota-mediated partial fermentation and breakdown of dietary fibers in the intestine lead to the generation of various short-chain fatty acids.
Long-term consumption of dietary fiber can sometimes increase cancer risk. For example, a high soluble, fermentable fiber diet has been found to cause gut microbiota dysbiosis in insulin-resistant obesity-susceptible mice, leading to an increased risk of liver cancer development.
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