Is aspirin linked to higher rates of survival for cancer patients? RSocPublishing cardiffuni cancer aspirin medicalresearch disease
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanSep 19 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent review published in Open Biology, researchers discussed the existing evidence on the use of acetylsalicylic acid in cancer treatment. They conducted a literature review to understand how aspirin influences biological mechanisms in cancer and summarized the findings from clinical trials and observational studies involving aspirin in cancer treatment.
Acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin, is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug commonly used against pain and fever in various diseases. Some biological mechanisms regulated by aspirin also play a role in cancer initiation and growth, making it a useful anti-cancer therapeutic option. Main findings The review reported a multitude of pathways through which aspirin could potentially play a role in anti-cancer therapy. The primary mode of action of aspirin is through cyclooxygenase enzyme disruption, which inhibits the formation of cancer signaling molecules like prostanoids. Aspirin also interrupts proliferative and inflammatory pathways and interferes with platelet-driven pro-carcinogenic processes.
The overall evidence from clinical and observational studies is favorable regarding the use of aspirin in anti-cancer therapy, despite the high heterogeneity. However, the authors highlighted the absence of ad hoc randomized trials exploring the effect of aspirin on a wide range of cancers. Most of the evidence comes from meta-analyses of observational data from individuals with different types of cancers, a quarter of whom were taking aspirin.
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