Trouble started with partition after the end of British rule in 1947.
Tensions between India and Pakistan have been simmering for decades but now threaten to escalate into all-out conflict.
Many in the territory would prefer a union with Pakistan or total independence. Pakistan has called for a referendum to decide the status of Kashmir. There was major diplomatic mediation, which resulted in both sides backing down and the signing of a new ceasefire in 2003. JeM are also blamed for the 2001 terror attack on the Indian Parliament, which saw the two rivals amass troops along the LoC.
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