Lack of bird flu testing may be hiding true spread of virus on US farms

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Lack of bird flu testing may be hiding true spread of virus on US farms
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H5N1 has been found in commercially available milk – but gaps in testing of cattle and humans are hampering effort to stop virus

Serious gaps in testing animals and people could be obscuring the true rate of avian influenza cases in the US and make it difficult to understand how the H5N1 virus is spreading – and how to stop it, experts say.

“This epizootic has caught people tremendously by surprise,” said Gregory Gray, a professor of infectious diseases at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Scientists knew cows could be infected with all four different influenza types, “but we’ve never seen this amount of infection, nor have we seen it move so fast.”

Only about two dozen people have been tested for H5N1 in this entire outbreak. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend testing unless symptoms develop after close contact with animals – even if someone has milked a sick cow or lives with an infected person. “We don’t know when this thing moves in the beef cattle, and no one’s really talking about that,” Gray said.

Another challenge for scientists: the genomic sequences released thus far by US agencies were stripped of key data – like when and where they were collected – making it very difficult to track what’s happening and how the virus is evolving, scientists say. This has global implications for understanding and tracking outbreaks among livestock.

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