Maternal obesity doubles the risk of developing autism in children

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Maternal obesity doubles the risk of developing autism in children
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Researchers investigate the potential relationship between maternal fat mass and long-term mental health issues in children born to these mothers.

By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDReviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc.Sep 26 2024 New research reveals that maternal obesity before and during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of neuropsychiatric and behavioral conditions in children, including a 32% higher risk of ADHD and more than double the risk of autism.

How does obesity during pregnancy affect infant health? As obesity rates throughout the world continue to rise, the presence of obesity both before and during pregnancy among women has become a significant public health issue. Maternal adiposity can increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth, small or large for gestational-age infants, and stillbirth.

About the study The current study involved a systematic and comprehensive review of published research investigating the association between maternal adiposity and neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring. ASD risk was increased by 9% and 42% with preconception overweight and obesity, respectively. During pregnancy, maternal obesity was associated with a two-fold increased risk of ASD in offspring. Conduct disorder, which is associated with severe antisocial and aggressive behaviors, was 16% more likely in the offspring of mothers with preconception obesity but not those who were overweight before becoming pregnant.

Potential explanations The association between mental and behavioral abnormalities with maternal adiposity may be attributed to adiposity-related low-grade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, perturbation of fatty acid metabolism, and hormonal imbalance.

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