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Modern diets, especially in industrialized societies, are reducing the presence of beneficial cellulose-degrading bacteria in the human gut microbiome, such as Ruminococcus. Studies indicate these bacteria, essential for a healthy gut due to their ability to break down fiber, have evolutionary ties to domesticated livestock but are now at risk. Reversing this trend and promoting gut health can be as simple as following longstanding dietary advice: eat more fiber.
Dietary fiber comes from vegetables or whole grain products. Why is fiber healthy? Fiber helps to keep our intestinal flora happy and balanced. Fiber serves as the starting point of a natural food chain. It begins with bacteria that can digest cellulose, providing the rest of our microbiome with a balanced diet. But our eating habits in industrialized societies are far removed from those of ancient humans.
Cellulosomes are engineered by bacteria to attach to cellulose fibers and peel them apart, like the individual threads in a piece of rope. The cellulosomal enzymes then break down the individual threads of fiber into shorter chains, which become soluble. They can be digested, not only by“Bottom line, cellulosomes turn fiber into sugars that feed an entire community, a formidable engineering feat,” says Bayer.
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