Coal mining in the Barnsley area during the 19th century developed rapidly due to a number of factors.
The expansion of the railway system which improved distribution, the drive to move away from the shallow seams of coal, the better understanding of geology and the adoption of new engineering technology. All this encouraged the sinking of deeper shafts to the Barnsley seam – the main target – as it dipped downwards in an easterly direction. One of Barnsley’s new deep mines was Monckton colliery at Hodroyd. It was on the estate of Serlby Hall’s George Monckton-Arundell, 6th Viscount Galway.
A new company to be known as the New Monckton Collieries was registered by the beginning of August 1901. It took over the Monckton Main Coal Company . At the outset of the 20th century, the colliery had an annual output of 470,000 tons, the coking plant was producing 1,800 tons a week and the brickworks a capacity of four million bricks a year. Viscountess Galway, on Saturday October 20, 1906, laid the foundation stone of a Boys’ Institute which was being erected at Royston.
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