Study explores association between alcohol outlet density and violent crime in historically redlined neighborhoods CUNYResearch
]. In this study, we selected nine due to the relatively high population density and concentration of outlets in most NYC boroughs. The Euclidean distance from each CBG centroid and the nearest nine outlets was then determined. The spatial access score/alcohol outlet density was then calculated as the sum of the inverse distances for all nine alcohol outlets per CBG. As such, the shorter distances to the nearest outlets in a CBG result in larger alcohol outlet density scores.
]. The geo-coded points were then aggregated to CBG and divided by area to calculate violent crime density to match the other datasets for analysis.Redlining data were obtained from the Mapping Inequality database and capture data produced between 1935 and 1940 []. Using Arc GIS, previously redlined areas were overlayed with current maps of the five boroughs of New York City to align them to current CBG boundaries.
Other CBG variables, including population density, percent below the federal poverty line, percent of adults 25 years or older without a high school degree, percent of the population identifying as Hispanic/Latino or non-Hispanic Black, percent of the population that moved in since 2015, and percent of homes that were vacant, were all significantly greater in redlined communities. The percent of owner-occupied homes was significantly lower in redlined communities (24.7% versus 39.
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