The ARCA observatory detects potentially the most energetic neutrino, opening new frontiers in neutrino astronomy and cosmic event studies.
An under-construction observatory at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea has detected what could be the most energetic neutrino ever recorded.
Often called “ghost particles,” neutrinos are elusive subatomic entities that rarely interact with matter. They are produced by some of the most energetic events in the universe, such as supermassive black holes in distant galaxies. Situated on the 3,500-meter-deep sea floor southeast of Sicily, ARCA has been collecting data since the mid-2010s. Currently, it operates with 28 strings of detectors, each beaded with 18 plexiglass spheres containing light detectors. ARCA intends to expand these strings to a total of 230 by 2028.
Additionally, the observatory detects light from neutrinos indirectly. Sometimes, when a neutrino hits a molecule of air, water, or rock, it creates a charged particle called a muon, which produces a shower of other charged particles. which produce showers that come from the atmosphere, neutrinos create showers that can come from any direction as they can travel through Earth.
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