Science, Space and Technology News 2024
U.S. DOE Brookhaven Lab chemists have improved lithium metal batteries with a novel electrolyte additive, cesium nitrate, facilitating rapid charging and longevity by stabilizing the interphase, potentially doubling energy density and advancing battery technology.
“Mominur’s findings challenge conventional beliefs about the components of an effective interphase,” said Enyuan Hu, Brookhaven chemist and principal investigator within the Electrochemical Energy Storage Group. “We’re excited to see how these findings contribute to the major DOE effort focused on lithium metal batteries.”a collaboration of several national labs and universities.
From left to right: Brookhaven beamline scientist Sanjit Ghose with chemists Enyuan Hu and Muhammad Mominur Rahman at the National Synchrotron Light Source II X-ray Powder Diffraction beamline. Credit: Jessica Rotkiewicz/Brookhaven National Laboratory “NSLS-II is really a great facility for conducting battery research,” said Hu. “There is a breadth of techniques available, which enables us to conduct complete studies of complex materials.”
Some components of the interphase are crystalline, meaning that their atoms are neatly arranged. These components can typically be studied with conventional x-ray diffraction . But battery interphases also contain unorganized, amorphous components whose characterizations are beyond the capabilities of XRD. Instead, a technique called pair distribution function analysis is needed. At the XPD beamline, led by Sanjit Ghose, scientists can conduct both techniques simultaneously.
“We don’t know why it is not there,” Hu said. “But the fact that this lithium fluoride-free interphase enables a long cycle life and fast charging inspires us to revisit the current understanding of the interphase.”
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