One of the most fascinating periods in the evolution of the human lineage is the appearance of the first ancestors capable of bipedalism.
University of BarcelonaNov 28 2024 Knowing the type of locomotion used by many fossil species — walking upright on the ground or climbing from branch to branch with the strength of their arms — has been one of the most classic questions in the study of the process of hominization. Now, a paper published in the American Journal of Primatology provides new insights into how and when bipedal locomotion appeared during human evolution.Professor Josep M.
3D technology to study key areas in brachiating primates The team has used a new methodology that involves making 3D scans of the ulna bone of present-day humans, present-day hominoid primates and fossil hominins. This technique makes it possible to identify and compare with greater precision the insertion sites of the brachialis and triceps brachii muscles in the proximal epiphysis of the ulna, an anatomical area that is decisive in arboreal locomotion .
"Primates that use arboreal locomotion more frequently — such as orangutans or bonobos — develop more elbow flexor muscles, such as the brachialis. In contrast, more terrestrial primates, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, have more developed elbow extensor muscles such as the triceps brachii", says the researcher.
However, most species of the Homo genus, to which the human species belongs, "have no anatomical adaptations to arboreal locomotion. This is reflected in the study, in which we have observed that representatives of three fossil species of the Homo genus — H. ergaster, H. neanderthalensis and archaic H. sapiens - have a proportion of the insertion zones of the brachialis and triceps brachii muscles similar to that observed in present-day humans".
Embryology Evolution Human Anatomy Medicine Muscle Walking
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