New recommendations for screening and treatment are based on the results of a major national study led at UCSF.
University of California - San FranciscoJul 19 2024
The ANCHOR trial, conducted at 25 clinical sites around the country and published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2022, found that routine screening for and removal of precancerous anal lesions could significantly reduce the risk of anal cancer, in much the way that cervical cancer is prevented in women.
For people with human papillomavirus , a common sexually transmitted virus, coinfection with HIV can increase the risk of developing anal cancer. "Men with HIV who have sex with men and transgender women with HIV, are the groups at the highest risk of anal cancer," note the new guidelines. The screening procedure is quite simple. If the screening test is positive, the next step of the evaluation is HRA. If an anal cancer precursor lesion is found at HRA, it is then treated to reduce the risk of progressing to cancer." Related StoriesIf HRA is not available, people with HIV who are of screening age should still have an annual rectal exam and be referred for standard anoscopy if the screen is positive.
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