COVID-19 survivors face significantly higher risks of developing neuropsychiatric conditions, but vaccination reduces these risks over time.
By Hugo Francisco de SouzaReviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Jun 27 2024 In a recent study published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour, researchers used a large, binational cohort to investigate the short- and long-term associations between SARS -CoV-2 infections and subsequent adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. They used exposure-driven propensity score matching to compare their samples’ outcomes against the general population and individuals with a non- SARS -CoV-2 respiratory infection.
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 caused coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic remains one of the worst disease events in recorded human history, infecting approximately 700 million individuals and claiming more than 7 million lives in the three years since its discovery. Unfortunately for its survivors, the condition has been observed to induce long-term physical and psychological ailments that persist well past the disease’s primary infection.
About the study The present binational study aims to assess the relative risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes in COVID-19 survivors versus the general populace. It also compares this risk between the former cohort and survivors of another respiratory infection . For this study, primary exposure comprised the onset of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 , while the primary outcome consisted of diagnosing one of 13 groups of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Statistical analyses included the computation of Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate short-term, long-term, and overall neuropsychiatric risk between included sample subgroups , thereby inducing reverse causation. Covariates were accounted for by including Charlson comorbidity indices, smoking status, physical activity levels, alcohol consumption, and body mass indices of included participants.
Short-term risk assessments revealed that COVID-19 survivors had a substantially elevated risk of neuropsychiatric events compared to the general populace, with some conditions, particularly encephalitis , Guillain-Barré syndrome and insomnia presenting alarmingly increased risk. These findings were consistent with those observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection versus ARI comparisons, with the former presenting an aHR of 1.36 compared to the latter.
Anxiety Anxiety Disorder Coronavirus Encephalitis Guillain-Barré Syndrome Healthcare Insomnia Ischaemic Stroke Mental Health Mood Disorder Nerve Pandemic Respiratory SARS SARS-Cov-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Stroke Syndrome
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