Novel COVID-19 protein component vaccine elicits durable immune response in rodents Coronavirus Disease COVID ImmuneResponse Protein Vaccine biorxivpreprint RutgersU RWJMS
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanFeb 9 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers describe a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein component vaccine called MT-001, which elicited long-lasting and extremely high levels of anti-spike immunoglobulin G antibodies in rodents.
Thus, there remains an urgent need for more effective booster vaccines and the development of pan-coronavirus or variant-specific vaccines. Furthermore, the protection of immunocompromised individuals continues to remain a challenge. The spike protein sequence of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Wuhan Hu-1 strain, was analyzed to determine the vaccine's biophysical, structural, and biochemical properties. Then, the final codon-optimized RBD construct, which spanned the spike residues 316 to 594, was expressed using a secretion vector.
Serum samples were collected three days before vaccination and at different points after immunization. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine anti-RBD IgG levels. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was performed on total ribonucleic acid extracted from the lungs to determine their viral load, whereas a SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay was performed on the serum samples. Additionally, lung sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological analysis.
The half-maximal effective concentrations of the IgG titers against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD in the sera of immunized mice were in the 105–106 range, even 12 months after vaccination.
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