A new octavalent intranasal vaccine shows promising results in providing broad immunity against both seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza strains by eliciting strong mucosal and systemic immune responses in ferrets.
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDReviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc.Aug 25 2024 Study: Intranasal administration of octavalent next-generation influenza vaccine elicits protective immune responses against seasonal and pre-pandemic viruses. Image Credit: Mongkolchon Akesin / Shutterstock.com
Current flu vaccines are based on three or four seasonal subtypes of circulating human strains and range in their effectiveness from 10% to 60% In contrast, recombinant antigens target specific antigenic sites that elicit neutralizing antibodies. These work effectively or better than conventional vaccines in normal and high-risk groups, reducing their risk of hospitalization.
Comparatively, intranasal vaccines stimulate local and systemic immune responses against respiratory pathogens. This prevents viral colonization at the entry site, thereby reducing the likelihood of viral transmission and severe illness. Furthermore, intranasal vaccines are less painful, more convenient, require less skill, and are associated with fewer complications as compared to intramuscular vaccines.
Vaccine immunogenicity In the pre-immune group, immunoglobulin G antibodies to H1, N1, and N2 rose by 60 days from infection. Following vaccination, all eight antigenic components induced IgG binding antibodies.Anti-stem antibodies Pre-immune but not naïve ferrets had anti-HA and anti-NA antibody titers at baseline. After vaccination, antibody titers rose in the pre-immune group, whereas naïve ferrets exhibited high binding antibody levels against all eight components of the vaccine.
The lowest titers were observed in the pre-immune control ferrets. HAI activity against the 2015 and 2018 strains decreased fourfold by day 56 post-vaccination, compared to an eightfold reduction against the 2019 strain. Higher anti-H5 HAI titers were achieved in pre-immune ferrets with baseline antibodies to H1N1, H3N2, and IBV strains after vaccination as compared to naïve ferrets.
Immunity Vaccine Antibodies Antibody H1N1 H3N2 H5N1 Influenza Mutation Pandemic Virology Virus
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