The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has issued an epidemiological alert regarding the growing circulation of the DENV-3 serotype and the heightened risk of dengue outbreaks in the Americas. PAHO urges countries to strengthen their surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment measures to address the potential increase in dengue cases.
The Pan American Health Organization ( PAHO ) has issued an epidemiological alert regarding the heightened risk of dengue outbreaks across the Americas . This alert stems from the growing prevalence of the DENV-3 serotype in numerous countries within the region. PAHO is urging member nations to bolster their surveillance systems, enhance early diagnosis capabilities, and strengthen clinical management strategies to effectively address the anticipated surge in dengue cases.
Dengue fever, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, presents with four distinct serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. Crucially, immunity conferred by one serotype provides lifelong protection only against that specific serotype. Subsequent infections with other serotypes can significantly elevate the risk of developing severe dengue symptoms. The emergence or resurgence of a serotype that was previously uncommon in a particular region can trigger a dramatic increase in cases due to the heightened susceptibility of the population.The DENV-3 serotype has been detected in various countries across the Americas, including Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. In 2024, Argentina reported its first instance of DENV-3 circulation, marking its introduction into the country. During the same year, Brazil and Colombia observed a concerning rise in cases linked to DENV-3, particularly affecting children. Detections have also been made in other Central American and Caribbean nations. This serotype has been associated with severe disease manifestations, even in primary infections, raising serious public health concerns. The reappearance of DENV-3, after an extended absence in certain areas of the region, amplifies the vulnerability of populations that have not previously encountered this serotype.The Americas region recorded over 13 million dengue cases in 2024, with 22,684 classified as severe (0.17% of the total) and 8,186 resulting in deaths (a case fatality rate of 0.063%). In the initial weeks of 2025, 23 countries and territories reported a total of 238,659 cases, with Brazil accounting for the majority (87%), followed by Colombia (5.6%), Nicaragua (2.5%), Peru (2.5%), and Mexico (2.5%). Among these cases, 263 were classified as severe, and 23 individuals succumbed to the disease.PAHO strongly recommends that countries implement comprehensive vector control measures, strengthen diagnostic capabilities within their healthcare systems, and ensure prompt and adequate treatment for patients to prevent the development of severe complications. Public education campaigns aimed at reducing exposure to mosquito vectors and eliminating breeding grounds are also crucial.Regarding vaccination, the available evidence from the TAK-003 dengue vaccine manufacturer and published in the main phase 3 study indicates that this vaccine, utilized in some countries within the region, exhibits lower efficacy against DENV-3, particularly in children lacking prior infection history. This underscores the need to prioritize vaccine safety and maintain continuous monitoring of any adverse events potentially linked to vaccination.PAHO is diligently monitoring the circulation patterns of DENV-3 alongside other serotypes and remains committed to supporting countries in implementing effective control and response measures to mitigate potential outbreaks. It is paramount that healthcare systems remain prepared to manage the anticipated surge in cases and minimize the risk of severe complications associated with dengue fever.
Dengue Fever DENV-3 PAHO Americas Public Health Disease Outbreaks Vector Control Vaccination Surveillance
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