Science, Space and Technology News 2024
This graphic illustrates a proton moving at nearly the speed of light toward the viewer with its spin aligned along the horizontal direction . The two views of concentric circles at the bottom show the spatial distributions of the momentum of up quarks and down quarks within this proton . Credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory
“To obtain a detailed map, we need to analyze many scattering interactions, involving various values of momentum change of the proton,” said Shohini Bhattacharya, a research associate in Brookhaven’s nuclear theory group and the RIKEN BNL Research Center . “The new method can look at the effect of the momentum transfer as all being on the outgoing proton—the final state. This gives a view that is closer to the actual physical process,” she said.
“The new formalism for modeling the interactions of photons with protons made it possible for us to leverage lattice QCD to simulate a much higher number of momentum transfers to achieve higher resolution imaging about 10 times faster than previous efforts,” said study coauthor Xiang Gao, a research associate at Argonne National Laboratory.
According to their calculations, the scientists concluded that up and down quarks can account for less than 70% of the proton’s total spin. This implies that the gluons must contribute significantly as well. How the spin of the proton is distributed amongst its constituent quarks and gluons provides clues about the proton’s internal structure. This, in turn, helps scientists understand the forces that act within the atomic nucleus.
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