Study introduces Reverse Vaccine Development as a strategic approach to identify correlates of protection early in vaccine development against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, aiming to mitigate risks such as significant phase-III clinical trial failures.
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanApr 7 2024Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.
In the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 , the process of vaccine development was significantly accelerated by the discovery of antibodies that could bind to the spike protein of the virus, preventing it from binding to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor. This discovery also indicated that neutralizing antibody titers could be used as correlates of protection since they indicated the clinical efficacy of the vaccine.
The process is called Reverse Vaccine Development since the order of information procurement on vaccine efficacy is reversed as compared to the typical procedure of vaccine development. This information is obtained from populations that are already experiencing a high incidence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic infections instead of the population that will eventually get vaccinated.
The efforts to develop vaccines against S. aureus have yielded four candidate vaccines that target various antigens and use four different protection mechanisms. Based on the results from animal model studies and in-vitro assays, the vaccines were advanced to phase I and II clinical trials. The vaccines passed the safety assessments and elicited satisfactory antibody titers.
Vaccine Antibody Clinical Trial Coronavirus Efficacy HIV Immunodeficiency Malaria Pathogen Public Health Respiratory SARS SARS-Cov-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Syndrome Virus
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