Researchers confirm plasma pTau181 is a strong predictor for Alzheimer's in patients with mild cognitive impairment, offering a less invasive diagnostic tool for early intervention.
By Vijay Kumar MalesuReviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Sep 20 2024 Research ers have found that plasma pTau181 can predict Alzheimer’s in real-world patients, giving clinicians a less invasive way to screen for disease progression and improve early intervention in memory clinics.
Early detection is critical, as current treatments cannot reverse the irreversible neuronal damage. While costly and invasive biomarkers like Positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid are standard, plasma biomarkers like pTau181 offer a promising, less invasive alternative. Samples from the paired CSF/plasma collection, registered with the Instituto de Salud Carlos III , were included. Participants were real-world patients from the Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona memory clinic, primarily referred by primary care centers in the Barcelona area.
Plasma and CSF samples were collected and processed on the same day, following Alzheimer’s Biomarkers Standardization Initiative protocols. Biomarker quantification was performed using Lumipulse or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay platforms. When examining the distribution of plasma pTau181 across the Alzheimer's continuum, clear clusters of data emerged, particularly with elevated levels in AD dementia patients and lower levels in those with SCD.
ROC curve analyses revealed a robust ability of plasma pTau181 to differentiate between AD dementia and other groups. In a real-world scenario, a cut-off value of 1.36 pg/ml was identified for detecting Alzheimer's pathology, with high sensitivity but moderate specificity. In MCI patients, a cut-off of 1.30 pg/ml exhibited a strong capacity to differentiate between prodromal and non-prodromal AD, with a high positive predictive value and negative predictive value.
Biomarker Brain Dementia Pathology Positron Emission Tomography Research Threonine Tomography
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