A revolution in understanding psychiatric illness is underway: Mental disorders are now believed to result from some disturbance in metabolic function.
Stress is a mental state of challenge. It consumes energy—and alters multiple bits of mitochondrial biology.A mitochondrial "signature" may identify people with severe depression at risk of suicide.to Alzheimer’s disease. The metabolic theory of mental illness holds that all mental disorders are metabolic disorders of the brain, based in the mitochondria of neurons and other brain cells.
Just as mitochondria produce the energy required for life, they generate the signals that enable adaptation to stress. Chronic stress alters multiple elements of mitochondrial biology. Changes in mitochondria are thought to be a key way that adversity gets embedded in biology, setting the stage for the development of disease.
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role not just in depression but also in suicide. Researchers examining the blood of men and women with treatment-resistant depression andideation have identified specific molecules that distinguish suicidal thinking—all of them known to be involved in mitochondrial energy production. Inside mitochondria, the biochemicals are part of ATP synthesis, but outside the cell, abnormal levels of the biochemicals signal mitochondrial dysfunction.
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